As I
read more and more, I am discovering that the prospects of dam removal could have all
sorts of serious repercussions on communities and groups that were excluded from the 26
member Settlement Group table. Things I recently read in a dam removal study raised a
potential alarm for my downriver communities.
A report entitled Klamath River Dam Removal Investigation by G&G
Associates touched briefly on how the Klamath dams could be decommissioned and what some
of the effects might be. http://klamathsalmonlibrary.org/documents/G&G2003pd.pdf There are currently an estimated 20 million cubic yards of sediment trapped behind the
dams. Other reports have assumed that, once the dams are breached, only about three
million of these cubic yards would immobilize and erode downstream of Iron Gate.
Speculation is that the rest of the sediment would sit above the reach of the restored
channel and would not move.
http://www.klamathwaterquality.com/CCC_KHP_Dams_Out_9_22_06.pdf
The report outlines some possible consequences of allowing the sediment to erode
downstream: (1) short term increase in turbidity; (2) raising the riverbed in low gradient
reaches; (3) depositing sediment in pools; (4) scouring the riverbed in steeper areas if
high flows occur. From experiences on other dams, the rough study points to possible
structural impacts on bridge foundation supports and inundation of low elevation roads and
low gradient lands. The retention of sediment behind the dams may have had a straightening
affect on the river. Breaching of the dams could actually change the course of the river,
adding more meanders and new zones of erosion and deposition. There may also be affects on
aquatic life – fish and their invertebrate food sources from changes in turbidity,
temperature, organic content, and dissolved oxygen. No estimates have been made as to how
this will affect commercial rafting. No comprehensive impact study has ever been done on
what could happen.
Whether the dams will stay and be fitted with fish ladders or removed
is not the decision of the Siskiyou County Board of Supervisors. According to Phil Detrich
of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, it is the decision of the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission (FERC,) The Public Utilities Commission and PacificCorp. The “Settlement”
or Restoration Agreement among the parties includes programs and actions that various
groups want. Some are in the form of mitigations for impacts from dam removal that various
groups want in exchange for their political backing of dam removal and agreement not to
litigate. Some seem additional spoils of opportunistic leveraging during the process. For
its efforts, Siskiyou County got the promise to ask the California legislature for $20
million Impact Mitigation and Benefits Program (IMBP) to offset the impact of the annual
loss of the $1.1 in taxes currently received for dam facilities and any additional loss in
other property tax revenues. (Remember this is the same California legislature that is
currently in budget crisis requiring the cutting of more than $15 billions in its budget.)
In exchange, Siskiyou County will agree not to sue the states for lost tax revenue,
business and economic losses - including property value. It is my understanding that the
IMBP will not flow directly into County General Fund coffers to replace lost taxes but
will be made available to the impacted communities in some form, such as grants. Grant
recipients will have to sign a similar waiver of the right to sue. WHAT A DEAL!
There were
only two organizations included in the “Settlement” Group from among the
communities situated along the 120 miles of Klamath River within Siskiyou County which
will likely be dramatically and directly impacted by dam removal: (1) Siskiyou County
government and (2) the Karuk Tribe. These are the same two organizations at the table from
among all the people located in the 795 square mile Shasta River Watershed, 814 square
mile Scott River Watershed and 751 square mile Salmon River Watershed, also affected by
restoration and governance provisions of the agreement. In contrast, there were 24
represented parties from the Klamath Reclamation Project, 10 environmental groups, and 4
tribes represented on the “Settlement” Group.
Another group
that was conspicuously not at the “Settlement” Table was the Pacific Power rate
payer. The Klamath Project irrigators are negotiating for permanently low power rates. The
“Off Project” irrigators in the Upper Klamath are clamoring for the same deal.
Last time deals were cut for these groups, the burden of what amounts to a subsidy for
this rate break fell upon the shoulders of the California rate payers of Pacific Power.
The broader customers of Pacific Power did not share the pain. The California rate payers
include Siskiyou County, Del Norte County, a tiny part of Shasta and Modoc County. I was
told of a case of a farmer in Butte Valley whose power bill for irrigation climbed $60,000
last year as a result of the most recent hike. (Compare your electrical bill of two years
ago to today.) Many of the players at the table would feel no pain. They are not even
served by Pacific Power or are to be insulated from rate hikes.
According to
the report and depending on whether there is contamination in the sediment, the cost of
dam removal has been estimated as follows: J.C.
Boyle from $14-21 million; Copco 1 and 2 from $11 million -3 billion; Iron Gate from $50
million -$2 billion. (On first assessment, there does not appear to be much
of a contamination issue.) From an economic impact report done by EcoTrust, the annual
replacement costs for the lost power are estimated to be: $27.7 million for natural gas;
$31 for cogeneration; $26.7 for wind and $21.6 for coal. How will this affect the rate
payer who was absent from the negotiating table?
http://www.ecotrust.org/nativeprograms/Siskiyou_Co_Economic_Assessment.pdf
The pattern
evidenced in the Settlement Agreement perpetuates the historic lack of recognition and
appreciation for the people of the mid-Klamath area and their separate interests. In my
opinion, this has by no means been a fair process on a level playing field. Despite all
the rosy press releases heralding the agreement as a seminal kumbaya moment for the Klamath
River Basin, it is more of the same that we have experienced in the past and exemplifies
all of what is rotten about Klamath River politics.
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